What is animation in simple terms?
Short answer: Playing pictures in sequence to create moving images
Animation creates the illusion of movement by showing pictures in order.
Groan of the day: That animation really moves me!
Sources: Animation
Study guides · Stuff Every Animation Scout Should Know
Practice facts for the Animation merit badge. Not an official Scouting America credential. Grab a snack: this guide is the friendly version, with the answers explained and a groan-worthy joke waiting at the end of most cards.
Knowing Animation Scout saves you money, time and the occasional embarrassment.
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Short answer: Playing pictures in sequence to create moving images
Animation creates the illusion of movement by showing pictures in order.
Groan of the day: That animation really moves me!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Pages of slightly changing pictures flipped to show motion
Flipping pages fast makes gradually changing pictures appear to move.
Groan of the day: That flip book has page-turning action!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: A device showing sequential pictures spinning to create motion
A zoetrope spins sequential pictures so viewers see apparent movement.
Groan of the day: Spin class for cartoons!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Photographing real objects moved one frame at a time
Stop motion moves real objects slightly and photographs each change.
Groan of the day: Stop motion never stops moving!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Animation using clay figures
Claymation uses clay or similar moldable figures for stop motion.
Groan of the day: Claymation is a mold-breaking art!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Tracing live action movement frame by frame
Rotoscoping traces real filmed movement to make animated drawings.
Groan of the day: Rotoscoping really traces its roots!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: A transparent sheet with drawings
Drawings are traced onto clear sheets called cels for filming.
Groan of the day: Cels are clear winners!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Planning scenes before animating
Storyboards plan each scene visually before animation begins.
Groan of the day: Storyboards tell the whole picture!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: A sheet showing how a character looks from many angles
Model sheets guide animators to keep characters consistent.
Groan of the day: Model sheets keep characters on model!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Gives form to a 3D object or environment
A mesh of vertices, edges, and faces creates a 3D shape.
Groan of the day: That mesh has great form!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Adding a digital skeleton to control a mesh
Rigging adds a digital skeleton so animators can pose a mesh.
Groan of the day: That rig is well put together!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Copies live actors' movements into computer characters
Actors wear suits so computers can copy their movement onto characters.
Groan of the day: Capturing motion, not commotion!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Mimicking traditional animation look with software
Cel shading makes computer animation look like hand-drawn art.
Groan of the day: Cel shading has a classic look!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Films made by capturing video game footage
Machinima uses screen captures from games and virtual worlds as film.
Groan of the day: Machinima is game for a laugh!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Using live humans as stop-motion characters
Pixilation photographs real people like stop-motion figures.
Groan of the day: Pixilation puts people in the picture!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Moving flat pieces of paper or cloth
Cutout animation moves flat materials like paper to create motion.
Groan of the day: Cutout animation is a cut above!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Backlit cutouts seen only as shadows
Silhouette animation backlights characters so they appear as shadows.
Groan of the day: Silhouette animation casts a spell!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Moving sand on lit glass for each frame
Sand is moved on lit glass to create each animated frame.
Groan of the day: Sand animation is grain-y fun!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Manipulating slow-drying oil paints on glass
Artists move oil paint on glass and photograph each change.
Groan of the day: Paint-on-glass is a smooth move!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Creating images directly on film stock
Some animators draw or scratch images straight onto film.
Groan of the day: Drawn-on-film writes its own story!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Movable pins casting shadows to make images
Pins pushed in and out of a screen cast shadows that form images.
Groan of the day: Pinscreen is right on point!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: A machine that seems animate rather than robotic
Animatronics use mechatronics to make lifelike moving machines.
Groan of the day: That animatronic is a real character!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: A robot using prerecorded movements and sounds
Audio-Animatronics use recorded motion and sound, not live responses.
Groan of the day: Audio-Animatronics speak for themselves!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: A device projecting moving images with mechanical slides
Magic lanterns used mechanical slides to project moving images.
Groan of the day: That lantern really lights up the show!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: A spinning disc showing sequential pictures
This spinning disc device showed sequential pictures to create motion.
Groan of the day: That disc is spinning a good story!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Using fewer drawings for a choppier, cheaper look
Limited animation uses fewer drawings per second to save money.
Groan of the day: Limited animation is still unlimited fun!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Detailed drawings and smooth movement
Full animation uses detailed drawings and smooth, believable motion.
Groan of the day: Full animation goes all in!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Combining drawn characters with live footage
Live-action blending puts animated characters into real filmed scenes.
Groan of the day: Live action and cartoons, together at last!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Stop motion with added motion blur between frames
Go motion adds motion blur to stop motion for smoother movement.
Groan of the day: Go motion gets a move on!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Animating regular inanimate objects
Object animation uses everyday objects in stop motion.
Groan of the day: Object animation makes things happen!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Slicing a clay loaf to reveal internal images
A clay loaf is sliced thin, each cut photographed to show inner images.
Groan of the day: That technique takes the cake!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Stop motion using cut, folded, and glued paper
Paper craft animation assembles paper pieces for stop motion.
Groan of the day: Paper craft is a cut above!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Stop motion interacting with a live-action world
Model animation blends stop-motion figures with live-action settings.
Groan of the day: Model animation is a big deal!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: A still photo where part is animated
Cinemagraphs are still images with one moving part, often GIFs.
Groan of the day: Cinemagraphs are partly moving!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: A mix of 2D and 3D elements for depth
2.5D combines 2D and 3D to create an illusion of depth.
Groan of the day: 2.5D is more than meets the eye!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Developing the overall look and palette before animation
Visual development artists set a film's look before animators begin.
Groan of the day: Visual development sees the big picture!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: So more stars can join without sharing a set
Separate recording sessions let busy actors join without being together.
Groan of the day: Voice actors really lend an ear!
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Bestowing of life
The word comes from Latin animatio, meaning bestowing of life.
Groan of the day: That fact gives the word a lively spirit.
Sources: Animation
Short answer: Weight and flexibility of movement
Squash and stretch makes movement look believable by showing weight and flexibility.
Groan of the day: Squash and stretch really bounces into action.
Sources: Scouting America: Animation
Short answer: The next action
Anticipation hints at an action before it happens, making it believable.
Groan of the day: Anticipation builds before the big move.
Sources: Scouting America: Animation
Short answer: Know where to look
Staging directs attention so viewers clearly see the important action.
Groan of the day: Good staging sets the scene.
Sources: Scouting America: Animation
Short answer: Parts continuing to move
Follow through and overlapping action keep parts moving naturally after the main motion.
Groan of the day: Follow through keeps the motion flowing.
Sources: Scouting America: Animation
Short answer: More natural and smooth
Slow in and slow out adds natural easing to the start and end of motion.
Groan of the day: Slow in, slow out, smooth all about.
Sources: Scouting America: Animation
Short answer: Natural curved paths
Arcs give motion natural curved paths, making it look believable.
Groan of the day: Arcs curve the fun our way.
Sources: Scouting America: Animation
Short answer: Support the main action
Secondary action adds small supporting movements that enrich the main action.
Groan of the day: Secondary action is a supporting star.
Sources: Scouting America: Animation
Short answer: How fast or slow actions happen
Timing sets the speed of actions, which affects how believable they feel.
Groan of the day: Timing is everything, even in cartoons.
Sources: Scouting America: Animation
Short answer: Strong emotion and clear action
Exaggeration makes emotions and actions clearer and more expressive.
Groan of the day: Exaggeration makes the point pop.
Sources: Scouting America: Animation
Short answer: Form, weight, and volume
Solid drawing gives characters believable form, weight, and volume.
Groan of the day: Solid drawing stands strong.
Sources: Scouting America: Animation
Short answer: A quality that makes it interesting to watch
Appeal makes a character interesting and enjoyable for the audience.
Groan of the day: Appeal makes characters worth watching.
Sources: Scouting America: Animation
Short answer: Quick small drawings to plan a scene
Thumbnail sketches are quick small plans made before animating.
Groan of the day: Thumbnails are small but mighty.
Sources: Scouting America: Animation
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Think of your answer first, then peek.
Playing pictures in sequence to create moving images. Animation creates the illusion of movement by showing pictures in order.
Adding a digital skeleton to control a mesh. Rigging adds a digital skeleton so animators can pose a mesh.
Movable pins casting shadows to make images. Pins pushed in and out of a screen cast shadows that form images.
Slicing a clay loaf to reveal internal images. A clay loaf is sliced thin, each cut photographed to show inner images.
Know where to look. Staging directs attention so viewers clearly see the important action.
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